Navratri, also known as the festival of nine nights (with ‘nava’ meaning ‘nine’ and ‘ratri’ meaning ‘nights’, is one of the most popular religious festivals celebrated almost all across India. It is dedicated to the nine forms of Shakti i.e. the Mother Goddess. The festival is celebrated twice in the year, once in the month of March-April (Vasant Navratri) and the then in the month of September-October (Sharad Navratri). It is the second Navratri that holds more importance for the devotees, since it celebrates the slaying of Mahishasura, by the goddess Durga.
As has been mentioned earlier, Navratri is dedicated to nine forms of the Mother Goddess, namely Ma Shailputri, Ma Brahmacharini, Ma Chandraghanta, Ma Kushmanda, Ma Skandamata, Ma Katyayani, Ma Kalratri, Ma MahaGauri, and Ma Siddhidatri. The first three days of the festival are dedicated to Ma Durga, the Goddess of power and energy, and her three manifestations - Kumari, Parvati and Kali - are worshipped during this time. The next three days see Ma Lakshmi, the Goddess of peace and prosperity, being worshipped. In-between, on the fifth day, Ma Saraswati, the Goddess of knowledge and art, is invoked.
On the seventh and eight day of the Navratri festival, Ma Saraswati is worshipped. The last day of the festival is known as Navami and on this day, Kanya Pujan takes place. In this ritual, nine young girls are worshipped as the nine forms of Mother Goddess and offered gifts by the devotees. During the first eight days of Navratri, many of the devotees observe a fast, in which they take only those food items that are either made from fruits or milk. They break their fast on the ninth day, after doing the Kanya Pujan. In 2009, Sharad Navratri will be observed from 19th September to 27th September.
Saturday, September 19, 2009
Saturday, April 25, 2009
History
ndia's history is tied to its geography.
2500 B.C.- It all begins with the formation of the Indus Valley
. The Indus Valley Civilization developed around the valley of the Indus Valley which is now in Pakistan.
2000 B.C- The Indus Valley Civilization collapsed.
1500 B.C- The Aryan People from the region between India and Europe, invaded India from north, spreading through the Indus Valley and Ganges Valley(a holy valley).
326 B.C - Alexander The Great of Macedon, which is located in Greece, crossed the Indus Valley and into India.
50 A.D - The Roman Empire and India begin to trade.
320-550 A.D - India is ruled by the Gupta Empire and Hinduism becomes a major religion. Literature, art, architecture, and science are taught during this age of peace and prosperity.
1600s - Holland, Britian, and France establish trading posts to gain access to India's spices, rice, silk, tea, and jewels.
1638 - Emperer Shah Jahan began the construction of the Taj Mahal in memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz.
1858 - The British take control of India.
1915 - Mohandas Gandhi, also known as Mahatma Ganhi or "Great Soul", launches a campaign against violent acts in India to defeat the British.
1947 - India gains independence from Great Britian and India is divided into two countries, India and Pakistan.
1948 - Mahatma Gandhi is assasinated at a prayer meeting.
1966 - Indira Gandhi, who is not related to Mahatma Gandhi, becomes the first women prime minister of India
2500 B.C.- It all begins with the formation of the Indus Valley
. The Indus Valley Civilization developed around the valley of the Indus Valley which is now in Pakistan.
2000 B.C- The Indus Valley Civilization collapsed.
1500 B.C- The Aryan People from the region between India and Europe, invaded India from north, spreading through the Indus Valley and Ganges Valley(a holy valley).
326 B.C - Alexander The Great of Macedon, which is located in Greece, crossed the Indus Valley and into India.
50 A.D - The Roman Empire and India begin to trade.
320-550 A.D - India is ruled by the Gupta Empire and Hinduism becomes a major religion. Literature, art, architecture, and science are taught during this age of peace and prosperity.
1600s - Holland, Britian, and France establish trading posts to gain access to India's spices, rice, silk, tea, and jewels.
1638 - Emperer Shah Jahan began the construction of the Taj Mahal in memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz.
1858 - The British take control of India.
1915 - Mohandas Gandhi, also known as Mahatma Ganhi or "Great Soul", launches a campaign against violent acts in India to defeat the British.
1947 - India gains independence from Great Britian and India is divided into two countries, India and Pakistan.
1948 - Mahatma Gandhi is assasinated at a prayer meeting.
1966 - Indira Gandhi, who is not related to Mahatma Gandhi, becomes the first women prime minister of India
Life Style
* Work
Living in India is a daily routine. Every morning when women wake up, they pray. Then they start cooking dinner! You may not believe it but it's true. After dinner is cooked they eat it at lunch time (around 1:00 p.m). Then the men go to work while while the ladies stay home and clean around the house. Diversity could be found in food as well as people and places. The most common food would be rotli which is an unleaven bread that is eaten with every meal
* School
Girls and boys do their part by going to school and getting educated. Schools in India are disciplined and very strict. If the principal walks into the classroom, all the children stand up and all at once, they say," Good morning, Sir ". Many kids that have come to learn from a small town or city far away, stay in a dorm called a hostile. Girls and boys stay in seperate hostiles. Every morning, they all make their beds, and get ready for school.
* Clothes
People in India mostly wear cotton clothing. Indian women wear saris,which is mostly a long piece of cloth that wowmen wrap around themselves in different ways. Some saris are 6-5 yards, while others are almost 9 yards long. Young women might wear bright colored saris but widowed or old women might wear white or dark colored saris. Men also wore a long piece of cloth called a dhoti(DOE-TEE). They wrap it around their legs like pants.
Living in India is a daily routine. Every morning when women wake up, they pray. Then they start cooking dinner! You may not believe it but it's true. After dinner is cooked they eat it at lunch time (around 1:00 p.m). Then the men go to work while while the ladies stay home and clean around the house. Diversity could be found in food as well as people and places. The most common food would be rotli which is an unleaven bread that is eaten with every meal
* School
Girls and boys do their part by going to school and getting educated. Schools in India are disciplined and very strict. If the principal walks into the classroom, all the children stand up and all at once, they say," Good morning, Sir ". Many kids that have come to learn from a small town or city far away, stay in a dorm called a hostile. Girls and boys stay in seperate hostiles. Every morning, they all make their beds, and get ready for school.
* Clothes
People in India mostly wear cotton clothing. Indian women wear saris,which is mostly a long piece of cloth that wowmen wrap around themselves in different ways. Some saris are 6-5 yards, while others are almost 9 yards long. Young women might wear bright colored saris but widowed or old women might wear white or dark colored saris. Men also wore a long piece of cloth called a dhoti(DOE-TEE). They wrap it around their legs like pants.
Traditions
India is full of traditions! Some holidays are not celebrated by everyone, while others are celebrated by Indians all over the world. Republic Day is a holiday that celebrates the day that India became a republican unit. It is celebrated on the 26th of January. Holi is another celebration that is celebrated all around the world. Holi is a festival celebrated on the day after the full moon in the Hindu month called Phalguna (early March).It used to be a sign of spring arriving. During Holi, kids, adults, and even seniors take colored powder and spray it at friends and family. After hours of fun, everyone stands in front of a bonfire, and as a religious belief, prays to God to ask for forgivness of all the bad things that they have done. Some people also throw in water and coconuts. After the bonfire is demolished, the coconuts are cut in half and served to the crowd. This "holy" food is known as Prasad. In other words, Holi is a festival of colors! Diwali is a festival of lights. The whole purpose of Diwali(also known as Deepawali) is for a tiny flicker of light to come out of a tiny candle (also known as a diya). Diwali is usually celebrated in the month of October or November. Independence Day is a very important holiday. Independence Day celebrates the day that India won independence from Great Britian. A lot of different countries around the world have celebrations.
Traditions in India are not just holidays, some are different types of dances. Below is a chart of dances in the different states of India:
Type of Dance - State
1.Bhangra - Punjab
2.Bharata Natyam - Tamil Nadu
3.Bihu - Assam
4.Garba - Gujrat
5.Kathak - North India
6.Kathakali - Kerala
7.Kuchipudi - Andhra Pradesh
8.Manipuri - Manipur
9.Odissi - Orissa
Traditions in India are not just holidays, some are different types of dances. Below is a chart of dances in the different states of India:
Type of Dance - State
1.Bhangra - Punjab
2.Bharata Natyam - Tamil Nadu
3.Bihu - Assam
4.Garba - Gujrat
5.Kathak - North India
6.Kathakali - Kerala
7.Kuchipudi - Andhra Pradesh
8.Manipuri - Manipur
9.Odissi - Orissa
India
* Official Name: Bharat (Hindi) or Republic of India (English)
* Capital: New Delhi
* Languages: 2 national languages are Hindi and English (Indian constitution recognizes 22 religious languages)
* Major religions: Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism
* President: Pratibha Patil (first Indian president)
* Prime Minister: Dr.Manmohan Singh
* National Anthem: Jana Gana Mana (written by Rabindranath Tagore)
* National Animal: Tiger
* National Bird: Peacock
* National Song: Vande Mataram (composed by Bankimchandra Chatterji)
* National Emblem: Replica of the Lion,capital of Sarnath
* National Flag: Horizontal tricolored flag (deep saffron on top, white in the middle with a navy blue center circle, called a Chakra, that stands for a Bhuddist symbol dating back to the 200th century B.C., and dark green on the bottom of the flag)
* Capital: New Delhi
* Languages: 2 national languages are Hindi and English (Indian constitution recognizes 22 religious languages)
* Major religions: Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism
* President: Pratibha Patil (first Indian president)
* Prime Minister: Dr.Manmohan Singh
* National Anthem: Jana Gana Mana (written by Rabindranath Tagore)
* National Animal: Tiger
* National Bird: Peacock
* National Song: Vande Mataram (composed by Bankimchandra Chatterji)
* National Emblem: Replica of the Lion,capital of Sarnath
* National Flag: Horizontal tricolored flag (deep saffron on top, white in the middle with a navy blue center circle, called a Chakra, that stands for a Bhuddist symbol dating back to the 200th century B.C., and dark green on the bottom of the flag)
Thursday, April 23, 2009
Wednesday, April 22, 2009
Friday, April 10, 2009
Thursday, April 2, 2009
Top In World Level
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TOP 10 COMPANIES IN INDIA
TTop 10 Comop 10 Companies in India
This article is to motivate the Sybrantees to achieve big, to reach a place in this top 10 list. Today the software industry has become the backbone of companies around the world. With technology advancing in leaps and bounds, there is no stopping IT professionals from around the world to bridge the gap between huge untapped markets and its customers, as well as creating an opportunity for innovation.
The companies that dominate the software industry are those which look out for these opportunities and provide instant solutions. The Indian software industry has arrived, and the companies that are dominating this industry, based on their turnovers, are:
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1. Tata Consultancy Services(TCS): Part of the TATA Group, which is well respected for high ethics and good performance, the Mumbai-based TCS is one of the oldest and a leading software company in India. This software giant with a turnover of over US$ 1.50 billion has been in operation since 1968 and has its facilities in 34 countries. Interestingly, TCS started operations by providing software support for a US Insurance firm, Sun Life; way before the word ‘outsourcing’ was coined! TCS offers IT services across sectors – Financial services, to Insurance, to Manufacturing, to Healthcare and life sciences. The performance of its Engineering and Industrial Services division helped it win the Frost & Sullivan Company of the Year award in 2006.
2. Wipro: Based in Bangalore, Wipro is a top IT company of India. Its core area of business covers infrastructure solutions, consumer care and other professional and business solutions. Known as one of the largest independent R&D Services provider in the world, turnover from this area of operations alone was over US$ 1 billion in 2005-06. The company has developed the concept of ‘Centers of Excellence’ and has over 40 such centers that create solutions around specific needs of industries. (http://www.wipro.com/)
3. Infosys Technologies:Incorporated in 1981, Infosys needs little introduction.
The company, which is headquartered in Bangalore, takes pride in its timely and accurate delivery using what they call “a low-risk Global Delivery Model (GDM)” and touched a turnover of US$ 2.15 billion in the year ended March 2006. It employs over 58,000 and has been lauded for creating jobs back in the US, where many of its clients are based. It has over 40 development centers across the globe. In a survey conducted by BusinessWeek and Boston Consulting Group, of the World’s Most Innovative Companies, Infosys was ranked #10 in the Asia-Pacific region. (http://www.infosys.com/about/default.asp)
4. Satyam Computers: Headquartered in Hyderabad, Satyam was established in 1987 and is a success story. Ranked 4th among the Indian software exporters in this NASSCOM survey, Satyam is listed on the New York stock exchange and has its presence across 12 countries and employs over 30,000. Banking and Financial services, Insurance and Telecom are some of the industries where it has domain expertise. The turnover for year ended March 2006 over US$ 1 billion(http://www.satyam.com/about/index.asp)
5. HCL Technologies: HCL Technologies, based in Delhi, offers IT services in the areas of Banking, Insurance, Life Sciences, Retail etc. The company, along with its subsidiaries, registered a sales of US$ 976 million in the year ended June 2006 and it employees over 32,000 professionals. HCL Technologies & HCL Infosystems function under the umbrella of the HCL Enterprises, which clocked over US$ 3 billion in sales in the year 2005-06. (http://www.hcltech.com/AboutUs)
6.Tech Mahindra: Headquartered in Pune, India, Tech Mahindra was earlier known as Mahindra British Telecom. Incorporated in 1988, it is a joint venture between Mahindra & Mahindra and the British Telecommunication. Service to the telecom industry is its core area of strength. Presently it has development centers across 6 cities in India. (http://www.techmahindra.com/aboutus/aboutus.aspx)
7. Patni Computers: Headquartered in Mumbai, Patni has a global presence. Listed on the New York Stock Exchange, Patni and has 23 sales offices and employs over 12,000 professionals. It provides IT services across many sectors, like Insurance, Finance Service, manufacturing and product engineering. Supply Chain Management is one of its areas of expertise. For the year ended December 2005 the company clocked a revenue of US $ 450 million and 85% of this came from its operations in the US. (http://www.patni.com/)
8.I Flex solutions: Headquartered in Mumbai, I-Flex solutions is a leading Indian Banking Software provider. Oracle bought 41% of its equity in 2005 and its entry is expected to make the presence of I-Flex stronger in the banking industry. It employs over 7000 people and this number is expected to more than double in the coming year. I-Flex is considered a leader in providing solution to the financial services industry and its revenue in 2004–05 was over US$ 262 million. (http://www.iflexsolutions.com/iflex/home/default.aspx
,http://www.oracle.com/iflex/index.html)
9. Perot Systems: The Company, which started operation in NOIDA in 1997, has signed up as an Advanced Business Partner for IBM and with BEA as their Technology alliance partner. Other than NOIDA, it has a large development center in Bangalore, in Surrey, UK, in Singapore and in Dallas, US. (http://www.perotsystems.com/About/default)
10.L & T Infotech: Like TCS, this company too has the backing of an existing, successful and respected company in India, Larsen and Toubro, an Engineering and Construction major. The focus areas of L & T Infotech are Application Maintenance as well as Application Development, ERP-II implementations and Integration of systems within and across enterprises. This too will be a company to watch out for and has facilities in Mumbai, Chennai and Bangalore and the number of employees is expected to touch 9,000 by end 2006. It hopes to double its revenue to around US$ 350 – 400 million by 2008.
Sunday, March 22, 2009
Friday, March 6, 2009
| Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D |
| India | Pakistan | Australia | New Zealand |
| Bangladesh | England | Sri Lanka | South Africa |
| Ireland | Netherlands | West Indies | Scotland |
| Group E | A1, B2, C1, D2 | Group F | B1, A2, C2, D1 |
| Date | Lord's | Trent Bridge | The Oval |
| Fri, 5 June | Opening ceremony England v Netherlands
| ||
| Sat, 6 June | India v Bangladesh
1730-2030 | New Zealand v Scotland
1000-1300 Australia v West Indies
| |
| Sun, 7 June | South Africa v Scotland
1330-1630 England v Pakistan
| ||
| Mon, 8 June | Ireland v Bangladesh
1330-1630 Australia v Sri Lanka
| ||
| Tues, 9 June | Pakistan v Netherlands
1330-1630 New Zealand v South Africa
| ||
| Wed, 10 June | Sri Lanka v West Indies
1330-1630 India v Ireland
|
Placement for the Super Eight stage is determined as follows:
The first two teams in each group are placed 1 or 2. They will retain this position for the Super Eight stage, irrespective of whether they finish first or second in their group, unless they are knocked out by the team 3 in their group. In this instance, team 3 replaces the position of the team they knock out.
| Date | Lord's | Trent Bridge | The Oval |
| Thu, 11 June | D1 v A2 (1330-1630)
B2 v D2 (1730-2030) | ||
| Fri, 12 June | B1 v C2 (1330-1630)
A1 v C1 (1730-2030) | ||
| Sat, 13 June | C1 v D2 (1330-1630)
D1 v B1 (1730-2030) | ||
| Sun, 14 June | A2 v C2 (1330-1630)
A1 v B2 (1730-2030) | ||
| Mon, 15 June | B1 v A2 (1330-1630)
B2 v C1 (1730-2030) | ||
| Tues, 16 June | D1 v C2 (1330-1630)
D2 v A1 (1730-2030) |
The teams finishing first and second in groups E and F, based on points obtained in the Super Eight stage will compete in the semi-finals
| Date | Lord's | Trent Bridge | The Oval |
| Wed, 17 June | REST DAY | REST DAY | REST DAY |
| Thu, 18 June | Women's semi-final
A1 v B2 (1330-1630) Men's semi-final
| ||
| Fri, 19 June | Women's semi-final
B1 v A2 (1330-1630) Men's semi-final
| ||
| Sat, 20 June | REST DAY | REST DAY | REST DAY |
| Sun, 21 June | Women's final
1000-1300 Men's final
Closing ceremony |
Ticket prices
| Lord's and The Oval | Gold | Silver | Family Stand | |||
| Men's Prices (inc. VAT) | Adult | U16 | Adult | U16 | Adult | U16 |
| Opening game and ceremony | £60 | £15 | £40 | £12 | £30 | £10 |
| Group game - double header | £60 | £15 | £40 | £12 | £30 | £10 |
| Super 8 game - double header | £70 | £15 | £50 | £12 | £40 | £10 |
| Semi-finals day (women/men) | £90 | £15 | £60 | £12 | £50 | £10 |
| Finals day (women/men) | £90 | £15 | £60 | £12 | £50 | £10 |
| Trent Bridge | Gold | Silver | Family Stand | |||
| Men's Prices (inc. VAT) | Adult | U16 | Adult | U16 | Adult | U16 |
| Group game and single header | £30 | £12 | £25 | £10 | £20 | £8 |
| Group game - double header | £50 | £12 | £35 | £10 | £30 | £8 |
| Super 8 game - double header | £60 | £12 | £45 | £10 | £40 | £8 |
| Semi-finals day (women/men) | £75 | £12 | £60 | £10 | £40 | £8 |
Reference:
Saturday, February 28, 2009
Sports
India's official national sport is field hockey, administered by the Indian Hockey Federation. The Indian field hockey team won the 1975 Men's Hockey World Cup and 8 gold, 1 silver and 2 bronze medals at the Olympic games. However, cricket is the most popular sport; the India national cricket team won the 1983 Cricket World Cup and the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, and shared the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy with Sri Lanka. Cricket in India is administered by the Board of Control for Cricket in India, and domestic competitions include the Ranji Trophy, the Duleep Trophy, the Deodhar Trophy, the Irani Trophy and the Challenger Series. In addition Indian cricket league and Indian premier league organize Twenty20 competitions.
Tennis has become increasingly popular, owing to the victories of the India Davis Cup team. Association football is also a popular sport in northeast India, West Bengal, Goa and Kerala.[140] The Indian national football team has won the South Asian Football Federation Cup several times. Chess, commonly held to have originated in India, is also gaining popularity with the rise in the number of Indian Grandmasters.[141] Traditional sports include kabaddi, kho kho, and gilli-danda, which are played nationwide. India is also home to the ancient martial arts, Kalarippayattu and Varma Kalai.
The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna and the Arjuna Award are India's highest awards for achievements in sports, while the Dronacharya Award is awarded for excellence in coaching. India hosted or co-hosted the 1951 and the 1982 Asian Games, the 1987 and 1996 Cricket World Cup. It is also scheduled to host the 2010 Commonwealth Games and the 2011 Cricket World Cup.
Culture
India's culture is marked by a high degree of syncretism[122] and cultural pluralism.[123] It has managed to preserve established traditions while absorbing new customs, traditions, and ideas from invaders and immigrants and spreading its cultural influence to other parts of Asia.
Traditional Indian society is defined by relatively strict social hierarchy. The Indian caste system describes the social stratification and social restrictions in the Indian subcontinent, in which social classes are defined by thousands of endogamous hereditary groups, often termed as jātis or castes.
Traditional Indian family values are highly respected, and multi-generational patriarchal joint families have been the norm, although nuclear family are becoming common in urban areas.[96] An overwhelming majority of Indians have their marriages arranged by their parents and other respected family-members, with the consent of the bride and groom.[124] The marriage is thought to be for life,[124] and the divorce rate is extremely low.[125] Child marriage is still a common practice, with half of women in India marry before the legal age of 18.[126][127]
Indian cuisine is characterized by a wide variety of regional styles and sophisticated use of herbs and spices. The staple foods in the region are rice (especially in the south and the east) and wheat (predominantly in the north).[128] Spices originally native to the Indian subcontinent that are now consumed world wide include black pepper; in contrast, hot chili peppers, popular across India, were introduced by the Portuguese.[129]
Traditional Indian dress varies across the regions in its colours and styles and depends on various factors, including climate. Popular styles of dress include draped garments such as sari for women and dhoti or lungi for men; in addition, stitched clothes such as salwar kameez for women and kurta-pyjama and European-style trousers and shirts for men, are also popular.
Many Indian festivals are religious in origin, although several are celebrated irrespective of caste and creed. Some popular festivals are Diwali, Ganesh Chaturthi, Ugadi, Thai Pongal, Holi, Onam, Vijayadasami, Durga Puja, Eid ul-Fitr, Bakr-Id, Christmas, Buddha Jayanti and Vaisakhi.[130] India has three national holidays. Other sets of holidays, varying between nine and twelve, are officially observed in individual states. Religious practices are an integral part of everyday life and are a very public affair.
Indian architecture is one area that represents the diversity of Indian culture. Much of it, including notable monuments such as the Taj Mahal and other examples of Mughal architecture and South Indian architecture, comprises a blend of ancient and varied local traditions from several parts of the country and abroad. Vernacular architecture also displays notable regional variation.
Indian music covers a wide range of traditions and regional styles. Classical music largely encompasses the two genres – North Indian Hindustani, South Indian Carnatic traditions and their various offshoots in the form of regional folk music. Regionalised forms of popular music include filmi and folk music; the syncretic tradition of the bauls is a well-known form of the latter.
Indian dance too has diverse folk and classical forms. Among the well-known folk dances are the bhangra of the Punjab, the bihu of Assam, the chhau of West Bengal, Jharkhand and sambalpuri of Orissa and the ghoomar of Rajasthan. Eight dance forms, many with narrative forms and mythological elements, have been accorded classical dance status by India's National Academy of Music, Dance, and Drama. These are: bharatanatyam of the state of Tamil Nadu, kathak of Uttar Pradesh, kathakali and mohiniyattam of Kerala, kuchipudi of Andhra Pradesh, manipuri of Manipur, odissi of Orissa and the sattriya of Assam.[131]
Theatre in India often incorporates music, dance, and improvised or written dialogue.[132] Often based on Hindu mythology, but also borrowing from medieval romances, and news of social and political events, Indian theatre includes the bhavai of state of Gujarat, the jatra of West Bengal, the nautanki and ramlila of North India, the tamasha of Maharashtra, the burrakatha of Andhra Pradesh, the terukkuttu of Tamil Nadu, and the yakshagana of Karnataka.[133]
The Indian film industry is the largest in the world.[134] Bollywood, based in Mumbai, makes commercial Hindi films and is the most prolific film industry in the world.[135] Established traditions also exist in Bengali, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, and Telugu language cinemas.[136]
The earliest works of Indian literature were transmitted orally and only later written down.[137] These included works of Sanskrit literature – such as the early Vedas, the epics Mahābhārata and Ramayana, the drama Abhijñānaśākuntalam (The Recognition of Śakuntalā), and poetry such as the Mahākāvya[138] – and the Tamil language Sangam literature.[139] Among Indian writers of the modern era active in Indian languages or English, Rabindranath Tagore won the Nobel Prize in 1913.
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